Nursing Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice Essay

Nursing Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice - Essay Example continue maintaining the status quo of nursing as being predicated on medicine and its paternalistic medical model, derived from the Hippocratic Oath. This paper studies the key aspect of evidence based nursing and identifies that it is the relationship of nursing with temperamental nursing which is highly related to dealing with children and parents of ill youngsters. From the students point of view, the discrepancy between nursing as a practical profession and nursing as an academic discipline may enhance the theory-practice gap and aggravate tensions. Traditionally, evidence of fall related patients has been checkup by nurses using the Tinetti Assessment Tool which is considered to be a simple, easily administered test that measures a patient’s walk and equilibrium. The test is scored on the patient’s capability to perform specific tasks. The discipline of nursing and the subjects in nursing programs have been categorized in terms of a science-based model, e.g. biological and physical sciences, behavioral and social sciences, humanities, medical science and, finally, nursing science (Beattie, 2003). As long as nursing was based on a medical model and medical staff was involved in teaching the students, the subjects of the curriculum were congruent with the medical model (Wynne et al, 2004). The key aspect of evidence based nursing is the relationship of nursing with fall management nursing. This aspect of nursing is highly related to dealing with pain related issues for fall patients consisting of children and parents of ill youngsters. While evidence based intervention is intended to relay acceptance to the patient, the strategies that patients and other caregivers use often encourage the fall patient to accept a challenge that can foster their recovery. In order to have medical knowledge, e.g. an understanding of pathos-physiological implications, one needs to be familiar with the biosciences. Akinsanya (Akinsanya, 2005, Akinsanya, 2003) suggests that

A History of Playing Cards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A History of Playing Cards - Essay Example Henceforth, different games were invented and the manner of playing cards evolved. In European context, the origins of playing card were thought to have come from Egypt near Mameluks. The fragments found believed to be from the 1400, consisted of 52 cards with "suits of swords, polo-sticks, cups, and coins." Each suit was composed of cards numbered 1 to 10 while three of the court cards included "malik (king), na'ib malik (Viceroy or Deputy-King), and thani na'ib (Second Under-Deputy)." When compared to early Italian cards, they appeared to be similar. Some early names given to European court cards include naibbe (Italian) and naipes (Spanish)("The Introduction of Playing-Cards to Europe"). The early Chinese playing cards were made from paper and had suits drawn with coins and strings of coins. To Mah Jong players, these are the circles and bamboo figures found in the tablets. Islam introduced cups and swords to the suit without any human figures. This could be explained by the prohibition of Islam from using representations of humans in artworks or printed material. The French were credited for designing the court personages in each suit. The King of Hearts represented Charlemagne; Julius Caesar was the king of Diamonds; Alexander the Great was the king of Clubs while King David from the Bible was identified as the King of Spades (The United States Playing Card Company). These were still used in contemporary playing cards. In the 19th century Europe, the playing card faces were transformed into mini-canvasses as many artists executed prominent figures culled from history and literature. This was referred to the 19th century phenomenon of transformation cards (The International Playing-Cards Society). The cards were an innovative form of art but were totally unusable for playing games. England was a laggard and followed the trend at a later period. The English continued to cling to traditional designs despite the developments in other parts of Europe. The Americans were credited to have invented the Joker. From the French design, the Americans in the 1800's introduced innovations to the playing card. The Americans began using "double-headed court cards for convenience and avoiding the act of turning the card right side up. The surfaces were varnished for easy shuffling and sturdier to endure wear and tear from frequent playing. The corners were rounded to avoid corner tears and identifying marks were added to the corners of each card (The United States Playing Card Company). The backs of the cards were used as promotional vehicles and sometimes depicted with famous landmarks or trends popular at a particular period. Russell and Morgan were the pioneers in the manufacture of playing cards. The Bicycle brand was born out of the popularity of the two-wheeled transportation in 1887. The company debuted with Rider Back (The United States Playing Card Company). From being an exclusive entertainment for the rich and imperial courts, card games had since evolved for ordinary people to enjoy. Social Function of Card Games When card games were introduced in medieval Europe, a royal card party was frequently played in circular tables. In the 15th century, the site of play was a circular table